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Also known as: Sharada, Vagdevi, Vani, Bharati
Goddess of knowledge, speech, music, and the arts.

Significance
Saraswati embodies the flow of learning, creative expression, and discernment. She is invoked at the start of education, examinations, and artistic pursuits, and worshipped especially during Vasant Panchami and the closing days of Navaratri. Devotion to her emphasizes that clarity of mind and mastery of craft are themselves forms of grace.
Iconography
White sari, veena in hand, rosary and book, seated on a lotus or swan — signifying purity, music, discipline, and learning.
Festivals
Traditional Tantric/Puranic bija mantra
ॐ ऐं सरस्वत्यै नमः
Om, salutations to Saraswati.
Gayatri-pattern mantra dedicated to Saraswati, Puranic/Tantric tradition
ॐ ऐं वाग्देव्यै विद्महे कामराजाय धीमहि । तन्नो देवी प्रचोदयात् ॥
Om, let us come to know the Goddess of Speech; let us meditate on the giver of fulfillment; may that Goddess illumine our understanding.
Traditional dhyana shloka, popularly attributed to sage Agastya
या कुन्देन्दुतुषारहारधवला या शुभ्रवस्त्रावृता । या वीणावरदण्डमण्डितकरा या श्वेतपद्मासना ॥ या ब्रह्माच्युतशङ्करप्रभृतिभिर्देवैः सदा पूजिता । सा मां पातु सरस्वती भगवती निःशेषजाड्यापहा ॥
She who is white as jasmine, moonlight, snow, and a pearl garland, robed in pure white, holding the graceful staff of the veena, seated on a white lotus, ever worshipped by Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva and the other gods — may that radiant goddess Saraswati, destroyer of all dullness, protect me.
Continuation verse of the traditional Agastya-attributed Saraswati Stotram
दोर्भिर्युक्ता चतुर्भिः स्फटिकमणिनिभैरक्षमालान्दधाना । हस्तेनैकेन पद्मं सितमपि च शुकं पुस्तकं चापरेण ॥
Endowed with four arms, she holds a rosary of crystal-like beads, a white lotus in one hand, and in another a parrot and a book.
Traditional verse of unrecorded authorship, continuous use in Indian educational custom for centuries
सरस्वति नमस्तुभ्यं वरदे कामरूपिणि । विद्यारम्भं करिष्यामि सिद्धिर्भवतु मे सदा ॥
Salutations to you, O Saraswati, giver of boons and fulfiller of wishes. I begin my studies; may I always attain success.